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Calorie
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A unit of heat = the energy required to raise 1 mL of water 1 C.
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Carbohydrate
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A nutritional macronutrient consisting of carbon, hydrogen and water in the following proportions; C:2H:O
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Carbohydrate loading
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The practice of reducing exercise training and increasing dietary carbohydrate in the days prior to a competitive event.
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Carboxylic acid
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The acid functional group consisting of –COOH.
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Cardiac output
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The volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute (L/min)
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Cardiovascular
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Pertaining to the cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart and blood vessels.
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Cation
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A positively charged ion.
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Collecting ducts
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The larger tubes of the kidney that collect the urinary filtrate and direct it to the bladder.
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Control group
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A group of subjects used in experimental research that are not exposed to any intervention.
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Correlation
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A type of statistic and research design where the scores on one variable are compared to the scores on another variable by graphing the scores and generating a relationship between the two variables. This relationship is expressed as a correlation coefficient, which ranges from –1 to +1.
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Cycle ergometer
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A special type of stationary bike that allows computation of mechanical work and power.
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