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Q
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X
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Z
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Acid
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A molecule that releases a proton when pH < 7.0.
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Acidosis
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An increase in free hydrogen ions, quantified by a pH < 7.0.
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Action potential
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The rapid sequence of change in membrane potential from negative, to positive to negative charge.
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Alanine
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A short chain amino acid (CH3-). During intense or prolonged exercise, alanine is formed from pyruvate in contracting muscle, released from the muscle, and circulated to the liver as a substrate for gluconeogensis.
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Alveoli
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The small air sacs of the lung where gas exchange occurs.
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion.
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ANOVA
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Statistical procedure used to assess the significance of differences between more than 2 means.
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Anoxia
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The absence of oxygen.
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Antidiuresis
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A relative decrease in urine volume, such as during dehydration.
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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Hormone released from the posterior pituitary during dehydration.
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Arginine vasopressin
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Another name for ADH.
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ATP
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The molecule within cells that is used as an intermediary in phosphate and related energy transfer.
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ATPase
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Enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to ADP + Pi.
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